Frostbite treatment

Overview

    Frostbite is damage caused by extreme cold to skin / tissues
    At -15C or below, blood vessels constrict to preserve body temperature
    When this state persists, tissue injury occurs
    Frost bite usually affects tissues which are distant from the heart
    It also occurs in tissues that are
most exposed to cold
    The organs that are usually affected are -
    a. Nose,
    b. Ears,
    c. Fingers
    d. Toes
    Care should be taken to prevent permanent tissue damage

   Risk Factors

    Diabetes
    Peripheral neuropathy
    Use of beta-blockers

    Symptoms

    Skin Discolorations
    Loose skin
    Tingling/burning sensation
    Partial/Complete numbness

In severe cases,

    Dry gangrene followed by amputation

   Treatment Get medical help as soon as possible. Meanwhile

    Wrap the affected area using clean cloth

If no medical help is forthcoming -

    Move the victim to a warm place
    Treat hypothermia first. Cover the person well
    Keep the frost-bitten site in warm but not in hot water
    This should be done till sensations returns

   Steps to Avoid

    Do not rub / massage the affected area
    Avoid treatment if a second round of cold exposure is anticipated
    Treatment followed by freezing causes extensive damage

   Prevention

    Avoid -
    a. Extreme cold
    b. Wet clothes
    c. Chilly Wind
    During cold weather, wear several layers of clothing
    Wear accessories like-
    a. Mittens, not gloves
    b. Two pairs of socks
    c. Hat / scarves to cover both ears well
    Get enough food and rest
    Avoid alcohol immediately before exposure to cold
    Avoid cotton clothing